Fourteen ingredients, one with a defensible effect, and that effect is under a kilogram. This is the category where the gap between marketing and evidence is widest.
Garcinia cambogia, raspberry ketones, CLA, bitter orange and "fat burner" blends — garcinia failed its largest trial and carries hepatotoxicity reports, raspberry ketones have no human efficacy data at all, and stimulant blends trade small effects for real cardiovascular risk. We do not grade proprietary blends, because an undisclosed dose cannot be evaluated.
Every trial here ran alongside a calorie deficit. The supplement was never the intervention.
Green tea extract and garcinia are two of the most common supplement-related liver-injury reports.
A statistically significant effect can still be clinically irrelevant.
We make this one, and this is the category where we are most sceptical of ourselves: glucomannan is dosed at the studied 3 g, but the effect that dose buys you is under a kilogram. The review says so.